There is broad consensus among European policy-makers that ecological networks are indispensable for safeguarding Europe's biodiversity and that spatial planning plays a vital role in establishing them. Ecological networks can be incorporated into spatial planning through substantive or procedural integration. This article explores the substantive interfaces between spatial planning and ecological networks in Germany-a country that is rooted in a tradition of comprehensive integrated spatial planning and has a highly codified and formalized planning system. Furthermore, the contribution discusses barriers to the integration of spatial planning and ecological networks in Germany and offers recommendations on how to improve current practice.
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