Increasingly stringent local, state, and national regulations, coupled with a heightened public awareness to maintain natural ecosystems and public health, have spurred the need for better and quicker information to monitor and track the composition of waters and wastewaters. Physical, chemical, and biological parameters of water and wastewater have historically been monitored using routine grab samples across utilities and industry. This approach collected only a relatively small data set, potentially missing important events occurring between sampling schedules. Moreover, the infrequent data sets from manual sampling offered little insight for utilities and industry to proactively manage, control, and mitigate contaminants such as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and trace metals across their applications. The automation of sampling, analysis, and reporting - available through the growing suite of commercially viable online water quality instruments - offers great potential for onsite or remote process control automation, as well as for making management decisions on water quality at the source, intake, discharge, treatment plant, and distribution system.
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