Integrating wind output with bulk power operations and wholesale electricity markets

摘要

Wind farms have three characteristics that complicate their widespread application as an electricity resource: limited control, unpredictability and variability. Therefore the integration of wind output into bulk power electric systems is qualitatively different from that of other types of generators. The electric system operator must move other generators up or down to offset the time-varying fluctuations. Such movements raise the costs of fuel and maintenance for these other generators. Not only is wind power different, it is new.