Contamination, bioaccumulation and toxic effects of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in the water environment: a review paper

摘要

Perfluorinated compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane acidn(PFOA) have been recognized as emerging environmental pollutants because of their ubiquitousnoccurrence in the environment, biota and humans. The paper focuses on the distribution,nbioaccumulation and toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA in the water. From the available literature,ntap and surface water samples in several countries were found to be contaminated with PFOSnand PFOA. These compounds were detected globally in the tissues of fish, bird and marinenmammals. Their concentrations from relatively more industrialized areas were greater than thosenfrom the less populated and remote locations. Blood samples of occupationally exposed peoplenand the general population in various countries were found to contain PFOS and PFOA whichnsuggested a possibility of atmospheric transport of these compounds. There is still a death ofninformation about the environmental pathways of PFOS and PFOA. The presence of thesencompounds in the tap water, surface water and animal and human tissues indicates their globalncontamination and bioaccumulative phenomena in the ecosystems.