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Effects of dynamic operating conditions on nitrification in biological rapid sand filters for drinking water treatment

机译:动态工作条件对饮用水生物快速滤砂器硝化作用的影响

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摘要

Biological rapid sand filters are often used to remove ammonium from groundwater for drinking water supply. They often operate under dynamic substrate and hydraulic loading conditions, which can lead to increased levels of ammonium and nitrite in the effluent. To determine the maximum nitrification rates and safe operating windows of rapid sand filters, a pilot scale rapid sand filter was used to test short-term increased ammonium loads, set by varying either influent ammonium concentrations or hydraulic loading rates. Ammonium and iron (flock) removal were consistent between the pilot and the full-scale filter. Nitrification rates and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea were quantified throughout the depth of the filter. The ammonium removal capacity of the filter was determined to be 3.4 g NH_4-N m~(-3) h~(-1) which was 5 times greater than the average ammonium loading rate under reference operating conditions. The ammonium removal rate of the filter was determined by the ammonium loading rate, but was independent of both the flow and influent ammonium concentration individually. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea were almost equally abundant in the filter. Both ammonium removal and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria density were strongly stratified, with the highest removal and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria densities at the top of the filter. Cell specific ammonium oxidation rates were on average 0.6 × 10~2 ± 0.2 × 10~2 fg NH_4-N h~(-1) cell~(-1). Our findings indicate that these rapid sand filters can safely remove both nitrite and ammonium over a larger range of loading rates than previously assumed.
机译:生物快速砂滤器通常用于从地下水中去除铵,以提供饮用水。它们通常在动态底物和水力负载条件下运行,这可能导致废水中铵盐和亚硝酸盐的含量增加。为了确定快速砂滤器的最大硝化率和安全操作窗口,使用中试规模的快速砂滤器来测试短期增加的铵负荷,该铵负荷通过改变进水铵浓度或水力负荷率来设定。引燃器和满量程过滤器之间的铵和铁(羊群)去除率是一致的。在滤池的整个深度对硝化率,氨氧化细菌和古细菌进行定量。过滤器的除铵能力确定为3.4 g NH_4-N m〜(-3)h〜(-1),比参考操作条件下的平均铵负载率大5倍。过滤器的铵去除率取决于铵的负载率,但与流量和进水铵浓度无关。氨氧化细菌和古细菌在过滤器中几乎同样丰富。铵去除和氨氧化细菌的密度都得到了强烈分层,其中过滤器顶部的去除率和氨氧化细菌的密度最高。电池的特定氨氧化速率平均为0.6×10〜2±0.2×10〜2 fg NH_4-N h〜(-1)cell〜(-1)。我们的发现表明,这些快速砂滤器可以在比以前设想的更大的负载率范围内安全地去除亚硝酸盐和铵盐。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Water Research》 |2014年第1期|226-236|共11页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljovej 113,2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    Krueger A/S, Gladsaxevej 363, 2860 Soborg, Denmark;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljovej 113,2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljovej 113,2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljovej 113,2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljovej 113,2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Ground water; Ammonium removal; Loading; Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea; Nitrite;

    机译:地下水;去除铵;加载;氨氧化细菌和古细菌;亚硝酸盐;

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