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Environmental Applications of Nanotechnology: Nano-enabled Remediation Processes in Water, Soil and Air Treatment

机译:纳米技术的环境应用:水,土壤和空气处理中的纳米修复过程

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Environmental remediation is a research field transformed over the past two decades by the integration of engineered nanoscale materials. The market for nanotechnology in environmental applications is rapidly growing, signifying the importance of such advancements in practice as well as research. Most nano-enabled remediation challenges in water, soil and air treatment are addressed by two primary phenomena-contaminant degradation by reduction/oxidation reactions or contaminant sequestration through adsorption processes. Despite the scientific accessibility of these fields by virtue of their shared treatment mechanisms, the unique engineering and physical challenges associated with implementation require field-specific solutions and create research bubbles where scientists and engineers may be unfamiliar with current research in parallel areas. Consequently, this review is focused on summarizing the key nano-enabled technologies and their mechanisms in the fields of water, soil and air treatment, as well as describing recent advances and highlighting areas with clear direction for further development. This review covers nano-enabled processes including photocatalysis in air and water treatment, nZVI-mediated reduction and adsorption processes in soil and water treatment, and CO2 capture and reduction including the state-of-the-art materials driving research focused on improving these technologies. This review is intended as a platform for researchers to understand how their expertise fits into the larger community of remediation technology as well as to provide direction for literature review of parallel fields suiting their interest. We conclude by identifying core research focuses and underdeveloped research directions in each of the three areas, most notably, a need for guided evaluation of meaningful composite materials for next-generation catalysts.
机译:环境修复是过去二十年来改造的研究领域,通过工程化的纳米材料的整合。环境应用中的纳米技术市场正在迅速增长,从练习和研究中致力于这种进步的重要性。通过吸附过程通过减少/氧化反应或污染物封存,通过吸附过程通过吸附/氧化反应或污染物封存来解决水,土壤和空气处理中的大多数纳米治疗挑战。尽管凭借其共享处理机制,但与实施相关的独特工程和身体挑战,尽管与实施相关的独特工程和身体挑战需要特定于现场的解决方案,并创造研究泡沫,科学家和工程师可能不熟悉并行区域目前的研究。因此,本综述专注于总结在水,土壤和空气处理领域的关键纳米技术及其机制,以及描述最近的进展和突出区域,以便进一步发展方向。本综述涵盖了纳米能力,包括空气和水处理的光催化,NZVI介导的土壤和水处理的吸附过程,以及CO2捕获和减少,包括最先进的材料驾驶研究,重点是改善这些技术的研究。该审查旨在作为研究人员的平台,了解他们的专业知识如何适应更大的修复技术社区,并为适合其兴趣的平行领域的文献综述提供方向。我们通过识别核心研究重点和在三个领域中的每一个的核心研究方向,最重要的是,需要对下一代催化剂进行有意义的复合材料的指导评估。

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