Municipal solid waste generation, composition and material recovery in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

摘要

Kathmandu Valley, an urbanized cultural, political, and economic hub of Nepal, with high population density, is facing intensified solid waste problems. Kathmandu Valley is the most populated area of Nepal with 1.4 million inhabitants. Until 2014, Kathmandu Valley counted only five municipalities namely Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (LSMC), Bhaktapur (BM), Madhyapur Thimi (MTM), and Kirtipur (KM). The average per capita MSW generation, as per survey results, was estimated between 0.25 kg/day in KM and 0.47 kg/day in KMC. The total MSW generation of the five municipalities of Kathmandu Valley was estimated to be 620 tons/day in 2011 of which 310 tons were household waste, 271 tons commercial waste, and 39 tons institutional waste.