The role of energy-efficient biotechnological processes in the waste management industry

摘要

Historically, biotechnological processes have been applied to manage biodegradable waste materials mainly by composting and anaerobic treatment, with the ultimate goals of waste stabilization, elimination of pathogens and volume reduction. The recovery of energy and/or valuable materials has been an important side benefit as well. Composting technologies have evolved from almost rudimentary and simple techniques to a more complex and effective level, including specific reactor design, aeration, water and nutrients supply controls, and odour treatment. In particular, composting has been used to treat so-called 'dry biodegradable wastes' with a water content of less than 60%. Here, standard composting processes yield a humus-like final product which can be used as soil amendment in agricultural or silvicultural systems depending on the quality of the product. Compost can also have a fertilizer value if the organic waste feedstock contains sufficient nitrogen.