Challenges for Sustainable Development of Waste to Energy in Developing Countries

摘要

The global average generation rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) estimated by the World Bank Group was 0.74 kilograms per capita per day in 2016, and that around 2.01 billion tons of MSW were totally produced. It is projected that the global production of MSW will increase by 1.5% annually and it will reach 3.0 billion tons in 2030. Developing countries produced an average of 0.54 kg of waste per capita per day and that rate is projected to increase by around 1.1% per year, and it will reach 0.63 kg of waste per capita per day in 2030 (Kaza et al., 2018). Steady increase in MSW generation is driven by population growth, increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (with associated consumption of consumer products), and urbanization. Countries with higher GDP generally generate a higher amount of waste (Agamuthu et al., 2020).