On-street toilets for sanitation access in urban public spaces: A systematic review

摘要

This review aims to raise awareness of the role of on-street public toilets in urban sanitation and to identify gaps in understanding and guiding future research. Although the literature shows a diversity of viewpoints with regard to solutions, sanitation in public spaces was shown as indispensable for providing universal access to safe, accessible, and inclusive public spaces, particularly for women, transgender people, children, elderly, and people with disabilities. The provision of sanitation services in public spaces can be guided by further research, inclusive engagement, and the elements of the normative policy framework provided by the United Nations.