Optimal size, type and location of low impact developments (LIDs) for urban stormwater control

摘要

LID methods have been longly considered to manage urban runoff and improve water. In this research, attempts have been made to obtain the optimal size, type and location of LIDs considering the long-term condition of rainfalls in an urban catchment. The results have been compared in three scenarios: normal, wet and dry conditions in terms of annual rainfalls. For this purpose, LIDs including swale, bioretention system, permeable pavement and detention pond were optimally selected for an urban catchment by coupling up SWMM model with NSGA-II algorithm. The optimal combination of LID techniques showed much more impact on flood reduction and pollutants removal compared to the individual LIDs. This is particularly highlighted in the wet scenario where the reduction in the annual flooding and pollutant mass is estimated by 55.96% and 60.2%, respectively. Among the applied LIDs, the permeable pavement had the most reduction in flooding and swale on pollutants reduction.