The Role of Incentives in Implementing Successful Transit-Oriented Development Strategies

摘要

目前世界各国都在努力制定以公共交通为导向的发展战略(TODS),但对其实施过程的了解并不完善。人们对于哪些因素有利于这样的发展战略，以及变化如何才能发生，还不是十分清楚。我们认为TODS之能够成功，在于通过刺激手段促成了体制环境的变化，于是克服了实施陣碍。我们提出了一个概念模型，说明正规与非正规陣碍的恶性循环，并提出如何通过双向强化正规和非正规刺激，形成良性循环，从而克服障碍。本文考察了帕斯，波特兰和温哥华大区三个城市发生转变的过程，以及在此过程中如何发现激励机制，激励机制起到了何种作用，并掲示了不同激励措施的各种组合。%The pursuit of transit-oriented development strategies (TODS) is a worldwide phenomenon but knowledge of the process of implementation remains approximate. The ingredients for changing from a non-conducive to a conducive environment for TODS and how that change occurs remain unclear. In cases of successful TODS implementation, it is hypothesised that a deliberate shift occurred in the institutional context through the introduction of incentives to overcome implementation barriers. A conceptual model proposing the relationship between formal and informal barriers in a vicious cycle as well as the lifting of those barriers through a virtuous cycle of mutually reinforcing formal and informal incentives is applied. The processes of change accompanying the identification and the role of incentives are examined in three metropolitan regions: Perth, Portland and Vancouver. The combinations of incentivising measures used are revealed.