Grouting for ground improvement

摘要

GROUTING IN UNDERGROUND projects refers to the injection of pumpable materials into soil or rock formations to change their physical characteristics. It is one of the most used ground improvement techniques for underground projects and tunnelling applications. Put simply, grouting aims to fill the cavities in soil or rock. In its initial stages, the grouting material is liquid (so it can be pumped and become dispersed) but it has the capacity to set in a timely manner. This increases the cohesion and shear strength of the ground while decreasing its permeability. Successful design of grout chemistry requires adequate investigation to determine the characteristics of ground, groundwater and identifications of fractured rock, weathered rock, granular soils and natural cavities.