Comparing the unit emissions of daily frequency and slow steaming strategies on trunk route deployment in international container shipping

摘要

This study examines NO_X, SO_2, CO_2, HC, and PM reductions for international container shipping carriers from slow steaming and from making use of daily frequency strategies. The options are examined using activity-based methods for surveys on Far East-Europe routes. It is found that both strategies examined are effective in reducing emissions, with daily frequency more effective in reducing emission levels when slow steaming is not employed.