Considering infrastructure when calculating emissions for freight transportation

摘要

In this paper, the contributions to emissions to air related to traffic infrastructure and terminals are analysed for freight transport with different modes. Data on emissions per km road or railway from existing LCA reports are adapted to a selection of road types and one type of railway line. The presented data are for air pollutants, use of primary energy and emissions of green-house gases divided into construction, maintenance and operation phases. These data are then allocated to the traffic-work produced on the infrastructure during its life span. Different allocation methods are suggested for the separate LCA-phases. The research has a focus on freight transport, why data are presented as emissions per vehicle-km for a number of truck and train types. For ports and airports, data are available per tonne of goods over quay or in- and outgoing. These results are then used to calculate the emissions added for infrastructure for freight transport chains. Examples are given showing the magnitude of emissions originating from infrastructure that can be added to tailpipe and other upstream emissions, e.g. fuel and vehicle production. In relation to tailpipe emissions the CO, emissions from infrastructure is typically 1-7% for road and around 17% for rail. For air and sea the results will vary significantly; for typical intra-Europe routes we find a contribution from infrastructure of about 3% for air and 21-34% for sea, in relation to emissions from the vessels.