Vibratory compaction of sands is one of the principal proce- dures of the Expendable Pattern Casting (EPC) or Lost Foam Casting (LFC) process. Past studies indicate that sands exhibit circulation flow patterns during vibration. Assessment of the sand flow is deemed important, since it may exert uneven pressures on the foam patterns, resulting in undesirable defor- mation of the patterns. Although various vibration modes are used in practice, depending on a particular LFC foundry, study of circulation flow presented in this paper was limited to the one observed under vertical vibration mode.
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