IN VITRO DEGRADATION OF THE HERBICIDE ATRAZINE BY SOIL AND WOOD DECAY FUNGI CONTROLLED THROUGH ELISA TECHNIQUE

摘要

The interaction between atrazine, a triazine herbicide, and a series of decay fungi was characterized in terms of biodegradation of the herbicide and its influence on fungal growth. The following fungi were studied: thermophilic cellulolytic (Penicillium sp. 13) and noncellulolytic (Humicola lanuginosa sp. 5 and 12) strains isolated from self-heated plant composts, mesophilic diphenol oxidase producing strain Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26, white-rot fungi Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocinerea and Coriolus hirsutus. Competitive enzyme immunoassay was elaborated for detection of atrazine in cultural liquid. During agar plate cultivation the growth of Humicola sp. 5 was promoted by atrazine whereas the growth of Humicola sp. 12 and Penicillium sp. 13 was suppressed whereas M. sterilia INBI 2-26 was not affected by the herbicide. Neither atrazine-accelerated nor atrazine-depressed thermophilic strains decomposed atrazine during 21-day cultivation according to ELISA data. In contrast, white-rot fungi Coriolus hirsutus, Coriolopsis fulvocinerea and Cerrena maxima degraded nearly 50% of the herbicide in 5-day submerged cultivation and 80-92% of the herbicide up to the 40th day. The soil strain M. sterilia INBI 2-26 decomposed 70% of atrazine in 17-day cultivation. The degradation level depended of the time of atrazine introduction to the growing media. The relationships between the degree of atrazine decomposition and laccase and Mn-peroxidase production were shown.