Contribution of Declining Anadromous Fishes to the Reproductive Investment of a Common Piscivorous Seabird, The Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Auritus)

摘要

[...] their spawning runs generally coincide spatially and temporally with the breeding of many coastal birds (Poole 1989, Butler 1992) and provide a rich resource to many avian consumers striving to meet the peak metabolic demands of breeding (Nager 2006). River herring stocks exemplify this trend. Since 1985, commercial landings of river herring have fallen by >97%, from 6,000 to 143 metric tons (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission [ASMFC] 1999, 2009).