Serpentinite-Rich Gouge in a Creeping Segment of the Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California: Comparison With SAFOD and Implications for Seismic Hazard

摘要

An exposure of a creeping segment of the Bartlett Springs Fault (BSF), part of the San Andreas Fault system in northern California, is a 1.5-m-wide zone of serpentinite-bearing fault gouge cutting through Late Pleistocene fluvial deposits. The fault gouge consists of porphyroclasts of antigorite serpentinite, talc, chlorite, and tremolite-actinolite, along with some Franciscan metamorphic rocks, in a matrix of the same materials. The Mg-mineral assemblage is stable at temperatures above 250-300 degrees C. The BSF gouge is interpreted to have been tectonically incorporated into the fault from depths near the base of the seismogenic zone and to have risen buoyantly to the surface where it is now undergoing right-lateral displacement. The ultramafic-rich composition, frictional properties, and inferred mode of emplacement of the BSF serpentinitic gouge correspond to those of the creeping traces of the San Andreas Fault identified in the SAFOD (San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth) drill hole. This suggests a common origin for creep at both locations. A tectonic model for the source of the ultramafic-rich materials in the BSF is proposed that potentially could explain the distribution of creep throughout the northernmost San Andreas Fault system.