Bad Call: Technology's Attack on Referees and Umpires and How to Fix It.

摘要

I love to watch sports and still listen on the radio. I grew up in Pittsburgh, the home of the first live baseball radio broadcast on 5 August 1921 (my beloved Pirates beat the Philadelphia Phillies that day, 8-5). My very first memory is seeing on TV Bill Mazeroski hit a ninth-inning, seventh-game homerun in the 1960 baseball World Series to smite the mighty New York Yankees 10-9 and take the series. Over the years, I have watched too much sports on TV, although not the cricket, football (soccer), and tennis that figure largely in Bad Call, but with the same growing concern about both whether bad calls have an impact on the outcome of games and what to do if that were the case. I had no idea about the intimate relationship between technologies of transmission, especially cameras, and the adjudication of potential referees' errors, nor of the ontological and epistemological questions that can help determine what to do.