Estimating the efficiency of a sustainable Chinese tourism industry using bootstrap technology rectification

摘要

This paper estimates the efficiency of the Chinese tourism industry using traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) and bootstrap-DEA. It also identifies the determinants of efficiency. The comprehensive and pure technical efficiency values estimated by DEA are higher than those estimated by bootstrap-DEA, indicating that the former method tends to overestimate efficiency. Further, the changes in comprehensive and pure technical efficiency are not significant, while some models display no efficiency. Additionally, economic development, urbanization, and the degree of opening up have positive effects. By regional division, the comprehensive technical efficiency declines from east to west and economic development is not significant in the eastern and central areas. Thus, the model is technically improved by adding environmental factors and adopting bootstrap technology to obtain more accurate efficiency values and decompose the rectified efficiency values. Finally, a panel Tobit model is used to analyze efficiency determinants.