Wplyw stosowanych przez Zaklady Uslug Lesnych srodkow zrywkowych na uszkodzenia gleby i pozostajacych drzew w sosnowych drzewostanach przedrebnych

摘要

The objective of this study is to determine the degree of tree damage in accordance with the stand damage classification and to determine the soil compactness during timber extraction depending on the machines used by Forest Services Companies. The field studies were carried out in Polish lowlands in pine stands of age classes IIa, IIIa and IVa in the fresh coniferous forest (Bsw) and mixed fresh coniferous forest (BMs) habitats in which pine is the prevailing species (minimum 80%). Extraction operations in the thinned stands cause tree damage and soil disturbance. The extent of these disturbances depends on the type of machines and the method of timber harvesting.