Wzrost drzewostanu sosnowego do fazy tyczkowiny w zależności od sposobu założenia uprawy na gruncie zalesianym

摘要

Postęp w hodowli lasu przejawia się między innymi w mechanizacji prac przy odnowieniach sztucznych. Zakładanie upraw sadzeniem odbywa się najczęściej z zastosowaniem narzędzi ręcznych, lecz spotyka się też urządzenia mechaniczne. Konstruktorzy sadzarek na ogół zaniedbują porównanie jakości pracy maszyn z jakością pracy ręcznej lub wyników tych porównań nie publikują. Brak takich porównań skutkuje niedocenianiem zalet (lub nieznajomością wad) sadzarek i rezygnacją z nich na rzecz narzędzi ręcznych, a zatem niską wydajnością i wysokimi kosztami pracy.%The aim of the study was to compare the growth of plantations established with manual and mechanical methods using planting material of various age. The experiment was established in 2000, in the Góra Śląska Forest District (W Poland) on a former farmland. One- and two-years-old Scots pine seedlings were used. Applied planting methods included: conventional planting bar, German Huff's dibble, trowel, Junack spade and three types of planting machines. The complete random block design with five replications was adopted. For the requirements of machine operation, unit plots were elongated rectangles with the longer side of 100 m and the shorter side of 4.5 m. Each plot consisted of three trenches. Spacing between seedlings in the trench was selected to ensure 10,000 seedlings/ha density. Measurements were carried out in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2008 and 2015. In the first five dates all heights were measured and seedling survival rates were established based on the number of measurements. In 2008 and 2015 all diameters at breast height were measured. In 2015 height of sample trees was recorded, while the height of the other trees was calculated according to the Prodan model h=d2l(a+3d+cdz)+l.3. Based on the measured diameters at breast height and established heights, basal area at the breast height and total tree volume were calculated for each plot. Survival rate is the primary parameter in the evaluation of planting methods, as it most effectively differentiates treatments. Stand height showed no significant diversification with regard to the treatments. For mean diameters at breast height the only differences were found between two-year old and one-year old seedlings, irrespective of the planting method. Despite the lack of differences in growth, effects of various planting methods and different planting material remain and as a result of high class timber already found in the stand these effects have become economically important. The decision on the selection of a particular planting material type and planting method has extensive economic consequences, as it affects productivity of grown stands at least at the first thinning operations. Planting machines are good tools in the establishment of forest cultures and the quality of their work exceeds that of manual operations.