Spontaneous Perforation of Urinary Bladder Secondary to Candida Cystitis: Acute Abdomen of Urologic Origin

摘要

Background: Spontaneous urinary bladder perforation is a rare event; presentation as an acute abdomen is rarer still. Fungal cystitis has seldom, and Candida albicans cystitis has never, to our knowledge, been reported as a cause of perforation. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 70-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus presented with an acute abdomen and urinary symptoms. A diagnosis of an intraperitoneal bladder perforation was made during emergency operation; culture of the peritoneal fluid and urine yielded Candida albicans. The initial high blood urea nitrogen and serum creati-nine concentrations mimicked acute renal failure but were caused by urine absorption across the peritoneum. The patient was treated successfully with emergency laparotomy, a three-week course of fluconazole, and a five-day course of bladder irrigation with amphotericin B. Conclusions: Spontaneous urinary bladder perforation secondary to Candida cystitis should be considered as a possible cause of acute abdomen, especially when the biochemical profile suggests urine absorption and yeast is reported in the urinalysis of an immunocompromised patient.