Usefulness in NOTES of an intra-abdominal antifogging wireless charge-coupled device (CCD) camera with pantograph-type needle unit for placement to the intra-abdominal wall

摘要

Background In natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), the endoscope has the disadvantages of an unstable visual field and wide blind space. We developed a compact charge-coupled device (CCD) camera unit that can be transgastrointestinally placed in the abdominal cavity.