Editorial

摘要

This themed issue of Surface Innovations covers a major interest area, bio–nano interfaces and their engineering applications. Bio–nano interfaces are the critical components of bio-related materials, processes and devices covering a wide range of areas from engineering to life sciences. In biological or biomimetic systems, soft interlayers composed of biological components or polymers define spatial boundaries and different phases. Understanding the nature of interactions at these soft interlayers and utilizing this information for engineering hybrid materials and systems is attracting an increasing amount of interest since the application areas span a wide range from biomedicine to smart textiles. The current issue features six contributions that are collection of original research and review papers on the selected topics chosen to represent different application areas.