Geostopping With Resistivity-Forward Modeling To Prevent Drilling Into The Lost-Circulation Zone of a Prolific Carbonate Reservoir

摘要

The field-development plan for a Sarawak Shell Bhd. operated gas field, located in the South China Sea offshore Sarawak, Malaysia, specified drilling of horizontal wells into the Tertiary-Miocene carbonate reservoir. The wells were planned as high-capacity producers with a big-bore, long-casing flow design. The traditional well design dictated that before entering the reservoir, a casing had to be installed to stabilize the hole in soft shale. The uncertainty of detecting the formation top resulted in a premature casing commitment of at least 30 ft true vertical depth (TVD) above the top of the reservoir and the need to use an expandable liner to cover 300 ft of exposed shale above the reservoir. To obviate this problem, the capability of one of the components in the logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool array, specifically the electromagnetic-wave-resistivity (EWR) forward-modeling technique, was used to detect the top of the carbonate formation (i.e., the top of reservoir), immediately before drilling into it. A standard LWD tool is configured to prioritize EWR forward-model response as the carbonate-formation top is approached. This configuration, together with an appropriately designed bottomhole assembly (BHA) and well trajectory, enabled the successful implementation of the plan to stop drilling approximately 1 ft TVD above the carbonate top. At this point, a conventional 9(5/8)-in. casing string was set at an optimum depth. This eliminated potential well-control problems, costly remedial actions associated with lost circulation, and inferior cementation of the 9(5/8)-in. casing string. Thereafter, the wells were drilled horizontally in a conventional manner into the carbonate-gas reservoir. This paper compares predrilling EWR forward modeling of the proposed well trajectory with the actual well data while drilling. The predrilling- and post-drilling-modeled data are presented. The cost savings from employing this technique are variable, ranging from substantial—in the event of a well-control situation and attendant high losses—to moderate if the need to set an expandable liner is eliminated. A minimum of U.S. $1 million per well was saved with this technique.