Astrometric Studies of the Series of Photographic and CCD Observations of the Saturnian System with the 26-inch Pulkovo Refractor in 1995-2007

摘要

The results of the reduction, investigation, and comparison of the photographic observations of the major Saturnian satellites and CCD observations with an ST6 CCD camera obtained at the 26-inch Pulkovo refractor in 1995-2007 are presented. A comparison of the observational results with the TASS 1.7 theory of motion of the Saturnian satellites has served as the basis for investigating and comparing the series of observations. The period-averaged (O-C) residuals and observational errors have been calculated. A comparison of the series of CCD and photographic observations has shown the same external accuracy of the observations at a higher internal accuracy of the CCD observations than that of the photographic ones. A comparison of the Pulkovo results with those of other authors has shown them to be close in accuracy. The accuracy of the theory has been estimated by comparing simultaneous (on the same night) CCD and photographic observations. The errors of the observations and the theory have been found from this comparison to be the following: 0.081" and 0.067" for the observations and 0.077" and 0.115" for the theory (in x and y, respectively). An analysis of the dependence of (O-C)x,y for three satellites (the sixth, seventh, and eighth) on the satellite positions in Saturn-centered orbits has revealed systematic deviations for the seventh satellite in both coordinates. The positions of Saturn have been determined from satellite observations without measuring its images on photographic plates with accuracies of 0.121" and 0.105" in right ascension and declination, respectively.