An enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor based on quaternary metallic/nonmetallic PdPtBP alloy mesoporous nanoparticles/MXene and conductive CUCl_2 nanowires for ultrasensitive assay of kidney injury molecule-1

摘要

Herein, a novel enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor based on quaternary metallic/nonmetallic PdPtBP alloy mesoporous nanoparticles (MNPs)/MXenes and CUCl_2 nanowires (NWs) is reported for detection of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). PdPtBP MNPs/MXene nanocomposites, the novel signal amplification labels, were successfully synthesized using MXenes with the large surface area and the quaternary PdPtBP MNPs nanozymes with outstanding peroxidase-like catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the combination of high conductive CUCl_2 NWs with superior biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is introduced as the substrate to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Benefiting from the excellent electrochemical performances of PdPtBP MNPs/MXene and CuCl_2 NWs, the sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor showed outstanding analytical performance in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2). Under the optimized conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor exhibited a good linear response from 0.5 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 86 pg/mL. Additionally, the established immunosensing method was successfully applied for the specific detection of KIM-1 in the urine. Thus, the enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor provides a promising prospect for the detection of KIM-1 in the field of clinical diagnostics.