Interactions of microorganisms and their use as biocontrol agents in aquaculture

摘要

The function and activity of microorganisms are the key factors in understanding the quality of the aquacultural environment. In fact, both harmful and useful microbes exist in aquaculture water that directly affect fish growth. Among these microorganisms, useful bacteria that can repress pathogenic microbes in the process of microbial antagonism and are utilized in biological production are called biocontrol (biological control) agents (BCAs). BCAs were applied to aquaculture production in this study to prevent bacterial and viral diseases in fishes and crustaceans. This paper describes the results of a study of biocontrol for fish and crustacean production, and also reviews research reports on the use of microorganisms as BCAs in aquacultural processes.%水産増養殖水に生息する微生物の組成および機能は、魚介類生産環境の適性をはかる重要な指標になるとともに、これら微生物群集中の魚介類成長促進細菌種の存在は、養殖生産の可否にかかわる重要な要素となる。筆者らは、これら有用微生物の中で微生物間括抗作用をあらわす細菌株を使用して、病原菌の増殖を抑制するバイオコントロール（生物防除）方法を開発し、増養殖環境水中の病原細菌およびウイルスの防除を行った。さらに本論文では、水産増養殖における微生物利用研究報文をレビューした。