Combined use of WEPS and Models-3/CMAQ for simulating wind erosion source emission and its environmental impact

摘要

The wind erosion source is the greatest contributor of PM_(10) in Tianjin, China. It is difficult to establish a PM_(10) emission inventory for the wind erosion source because of the complicated conditions affecting PM_(10) emissions from wind erosion. In this study, a novel method is developed to establish a PM_(10) emission inventory for the wind erosion source by using the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) model with 1 × 1 km spatial resolution. In 2011, the average annual emission of PM_(10) in Tianjin was 0.373 tons km~(-2) (1.113 tons km~(-2) in the heating period, 0.237 tons km~(-2) in the sand period, and 0.013 tons km~(-2) in the non-heating period), and the total PM_(10) emission was 904,871.6 tons (221,080.7 tons in the heating period, 52,977.8 tons in the sand period, and 1953.2 tons in the non-heating period). After establishing the PM_(10) emission inventory for the wind erosion source in this manner, the data were input into Model-3/SMOKE. The contribution of the PM_(10) concentration from the wind erosion source was estimated using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (Model-3/CMAQ) model and was compared with the monitoring value and the source apportionment results using the chemical mass balance (CMB) method. For this comparison, over the entire year, the R~2 was 0.711. More specifically, R2 was 0.664,0.733, and 0.679 in the heating, non-heating, and sand periods, respectively. Thus, we have obtained a reliable method for estimating the source of PM_(10) from wind erosion.