A recent factor in the reduction of jobs for civil engineering graduates that was not mentioned by Hamill and Hodgkinson (2013) is the practice of 'off-shoring' design work to offices set up overseas, particularly in India. With a vast over-supply of engineering graduates by Indian universities there is a plentiful supply of young engineers who will work for salaries a fraction of even the relatively modest salaries paid to young UK civil engineers. Of course, employers will blame the shortage of suitable UK graduates but the cost saving is the real benefit.
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