The design of the hypodermic needle has changed little since 1853, when French surgeon Charles Gabriel Pravaz first attached a hollow, skin-piercing cylinder to a syringe. Today, medical-device designers are using micro-scale materials to make needles shorter and thinner, which makes for less painful shots.
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机译：自1853年法国外科医生Charles Gabriel Pravaz首次将空心的，刺穿皮肤的圆筒连接到注射器上以来，皮下注射针头的设计几乎没有变化。如今，医疗设备设计人员正在使用微型材料使针头更短，更细，从而减少了痛苦的拍摄。
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