Although not directly involved in the Vietnam War, Canada was part of the International Control Commission (ICC) set up by the Geneva Conference in 1954. "Unlike Hungry and Poland, which supported North Vietnam," writes Colonel Harry G. Summers, Jr., in his Vietnam War Almanac, "Canada attempted to remain impartial. However, it provided economic assistance to South Vietnam." As a result of the Paris Peace Accords of 1973, the ICC was superseded by the International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS). Canada and Poland remained members, but India was replaced by Indonesia. "When it became apparent that the North Vietnamese had no intention of living up to the accords," says Summers, "Canada withdrew on July 31,1973 and was replaced by Iran."
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