A new Parougia species (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) associated with eutrophic marine habitats in Antarctica

摘要

In contrast to other areas of the planet, very little is known about Antarctic marine invertebrates associated with eutrophic marine benthic areas. Recently, several studies investigated this fauna by experimentally deploying whale bones, leading to the discovery of new opportunistic polychaetes. To investigate the Antarctic organisms associated with these substrates we experimentally deployed whale bones in the shallow waters of Deception Island (South Shetland Islands). We present here the formal description of Parougia diapason sp. nov., a dorvilleid found in remarkable abundance at some of the bones deployed for 1 year. This new Parougia species, the second described in the Southern Ocean, also occurred in moderate numbers at nearby organic-rich sediments close to the Spanish Antarctic Base, indicating that this may be an opportunistic species. P. diapason sp. nov. clearly differs from the rest of congeneric taxa described in the lack of dorsal cirrus as well as in other morphological characters related to the jaw apparatus and the shape of parapodial lobes. Phylogenetic analyses show that P. diapason sp. nov. is sister to the rest of the congeneric taxa whose sequences are currently available. The rinding of P. diapason sp. nov. in an area which has been previously investigated using similar experiments suggests that a lot remains to be discovered in Antarctic marine benthic invertebrate communities inhabiting eutrophic habitats.