Appropriate Methods for Repairing Pipelines

摘要

Over many decades now, the evergrowing network of on- and offshore pipelines has transported an increasing volume of refined petroleum products, industrial chemicals, crude oil and natural gas to commercial and household customers. North America is a case in point. It has the world's largest network of gas and crude oil pipelines, not to mention pipes carrying petroleum products and natural gas liquids. The crucial importance of pipelines in distributing these vital, but volatile ingredients safely is recognized and covered by regulations that require pipeline operators to ensure the integrity of their pipelines. This is done by conducting both preventa-tive and regular routine maintenance and repairs to ensure optimum performance and to prevent potential systems failures. Nonetheless, the United States has suffered 3,200-plus serious gas pipeline leaks since 1987, according to the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). Pipeline incidents may be dealt with by pipeline operators by commissioning repair services from specialist companies, including Palma, Italy-based Bonatti, Darke Engineering in Peterborough, England, Tulsa, Okla.-based T.D. Williamson and MPC pipeline contractors in Houston.