Pulsar Timing Array Based Search for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in the Square Kilometer Array Era

摘要

The advent of next generation radio telescope facilities, such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), will usher in an era where a pulsar timing array (PTA) based search for gravitational waves(GWs) will be able to use hundreds of well timed millisecond pulsars rather than the few dozens in existing PTAs. A realistic assessment of the performance of such an extremely large PTA must take into account the data analysis challenge posed by an exponential increase in the parameter space volume due to the large number of so-called pulsar phase parameters. We address this problem and present such an assessment for isolated supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) searches using a SKA era PTA containing 103 pulsars. We find that an all-sky search will be able to confidently detect nonevolving sources with a redshifted chirp mass of 10(10) M-circle dot out to a redshift of about 28 (corresponding to a rest-frame chirp mass of 3.4 x 10(8) M-circle dot). We discuss the important implications that the large distance reach of a SKA era PTA has on GW observations from optically identified SMBHB candidates. If no SMBHB detections occur, a highly unlikely scenario in the light of our results, the sky-averaged upper limit on strain amplitude will be improved by about 3 orders of magnitude over existing limits.