Vortex lattices in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates under rotation: Simulating colorful vortex lattices in a color superconductor

摘要

We study vortex lattices in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) under rotation, where threenkinds of fractional vortices winding one of three components are present. Unlike the cases of two-componentnBECs where the phases of square and triangular lattices are present depending on the intercomponent couplingnconstant and the rotation speed,we find triangular ordered “colorful” vortex lattices where three kinds of fractionalnvortices are placed in order without defects, in all parameter regions where the intercomponent coupling gu0002 is lessnthan the intracomponent coupling g. When g > gu0002 on the other hand, we find the phase separation: In a regionnwhere one component is present, the other two components must vanish, where we find ghost vortices in thesentwo components whose positions are separated. In the boundary g = gu0002, the accidental U(3) symmetry is present,nin which case two vortices in different components are close to each other in some regions.