Indaziflam (N-[(1 R,2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1H-inden-1 -yl]-6-[(l RS)-1 f luoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) is a pre-emergent and post-emergent weed killer with a broad spectrum of action against annual grasses and broad-leaf plants. It was originally registered by Bayer CropScience in 2010 under a conditional registration for residential areas. Since then, its uses have been expanded to citrus, tree nuts, grapes, sugarcane, and more. This review identifies inadequacies in study design, species tested for reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption. EPA issued an emergency exemption to expand uses in 2018 through 2020 on forage and grass, fodder, and hay grown on rangeland and pastures. Despite its high cost and the lack of data to evaluate it, some look at indaziflam as a potential alternative to glyphosate (Roundup).1 Indaziflam's primary mode of action is inhibition of seedling emergence and root development, by inhibiting cellulose biosynthesis (CB Inhibitor). Originally not registered for food production, uses now include woody trees, shrubs, and vining fruits and nuts. In mammals, the nervous system is the major target for toxicity, and adverse effects observed on the thyroid in rat studies indicate a potential for endocrine disruption. Indaziflam shows no evidence of carcinogenicity, according to EPA. As an herbicide, indaziflam is extremely toxic to aquatic and terrestrial plants. Adverse impacts to nontarget plants are expected from all of the labeled uses. Data for indaziflam are inadequate to fully assess chronic toxicity to fish, chronic toxicity to estuarine/marine invertebrates, and endocrine disruption in fish and birds. Without data or sufficient evidence to demonstrate otherwise, an unacceptable risk to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and birds is presumed.
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