Electronic devices with virtual cathodes (Review)

摘要

A review of the modern state of the physicals, technology, and application of electronic devices with virtual cathodes is presented. Their application as high-power microwave generators and amplifiers, as compo- nets of high-current switching equipment, in the technology of collective acceleration of positive ions and electrons, generation of intense pulses of soft X rays, and in ultrahigh-vacuum measurements is considered. New circuit designs are presented, and the recently obtained experimental data are analyzed.