Measurements of the Reflectivity and Permittivity of Water in the Film Layer of the Sea Surface in the Millimeter Wave Band

摘要

The reflectivity and the diffuse component of the reflection coefficient resulting from scattering by wave ripples as well as the temperature and permittivity of the boundary film layer of the sea surface are obtained from the results of in situ remote correlation measurements of the radiation intensities of the sea surface and the atmosphere performed in the presence of wind waves. The permittivity of water in the layer where radiation is formed is determined. It is found that, in field conditions, the imaginary part of the permittivity of water in the 0.2-mm-thick surface layer exceeds the value commonly used in standard models. This effect can be explained by lowering of the relaxation time of dipole molecules by a factor of 1.5-2.0 because of the presence of substantial concentrations of nonpolar gases, which are present in the thin surface water layer due to exchange processes between the atmosphere and the sea.