Die Rosskastanien-Miniermotte (Cameraria ohridella)- Biologie, Verbreitung und Gegenmassnahmen- Inhalte und Erkenntnisse aus dem Statuskolloquium am 8. und 9. Mai 2001 in der Biologischen Bundesanstalt fuer Land- und Forstwirtschaft (BBA), Braunschweig

摘要

The horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic) is widespread in Germany. Anthropogenic transport of adults and pupae by land and water vehicles plays an important role, as well as the spread by aerial plankton. The development of the pest population passes through several generations per year which may overlap to a large extent. The pupae may lie dormant for several years. Certain information is still missing on the physiological reactions of trees due to infestation. The appearance of secondary damage on infested trees due to wood and root-inhabiting fungi has to be considered more seriously in the future. Until now medium-range damage, such as reduced leaf size, emergency flowering in the autumn, reduced formation of fruits and year rings has been observed. Infestation may be reduced to a certain extent by using sticky trap rings around the trunks, but not with sticky sheets. Mass trapping using pheromone traps is not a suitable means for direct control. Pheromone traps, however, are suitable tools for monitoring purposes, particularly in combination with certain phenological stages. Natural enemies, all of which are polyphagous species, show rates of parasitization between 5 and a maximum of 20%. This is not sufficient for controlling the pest effectively. Progress could be made by detecting the natural habitat of the horse chestnut leaf miner in order to select suitable antagonists. Red flowering horse chest nut trees are usually less infested than white flowering ones. The reasons for this phenomenon are not fully understood. For chemical control only fully systemic insecticides are suitable. Soil injection procedures may be used as well as trunk injections. However, important questions, in particular on phytotoxicity, wound healing and the side effects on non-target organisms, still have to be answered. Until now an insecticide for this particular purpose has not been registered in Germany. A strategy for a sustainable protection of the horse chestnut should be geared towards a combined procedure which fulfils the principles of integrated plant protection. This strategy should take into consideration those procedures which are actually of use in practice with regards to the costs of treatment and specific legal regulations. There is a significant need for future research on the biology and population dynamics of C. ohridella, the physiological reactions of host plants, the relationship between the degrees of infestation and damage, as well as on the selection and breeding of trees which are less susceptible to this pest.