Hilara leandrina Strobl, 1910: an overlooked replacement name for Hilara czernyi Strobl, 1910 (currently Hilara borealis Oldenberg, 1916) (Diptera: Empididae)

摘要

Der Name der von Strobl (1910a) aus Österreich beschriebenen Hilara czernyi ist ein jüngeres Homonym von Hilara czernyi Strobl, 1909, aus Spanien. Oldenberg (1916) hat daher den Ersatznamen Hilara borealis vorgeschlagen, hat dabei aber übersehen, dass Strobl selbst die Homonymie bereits erkannt und den Ersatznamen Hilara leandrina vorgeschlagen hatte. Der gültige Name der Art ist daher nicht Hilara borealis Oldenberg, 1916 (syn. nov.), sondern Hilara leandrina Strobl, 1910.%Hilara czernyi, described by Strobl (1910a) from Austria, is a junior homonym of Hilara czernyi Strobl, 1909, (in Czerny & Strobl 1909), from Spain. Oldenberg (1916) has proposed the replacement name Hilara borealis, but has overlooked the older replacement name Hilara leandrina proposed by Strobl himself. The valid name therefore is Hilara leandrina Strobl, 1910, not Hilara borealis Oldenberg, 1916, (syn. nov.). The genus Hilara is one of the most species-rich taxa in the family Empididae (dance flies, dagger flies and balloon flies). In Germany the genus comprises more than 100 described species. In contrast to other species-rich groups of Empididae like the genera Empis and Rhamphomyia, the members of Hilara are morphologically very similar and provide only few characters to separate the species. They are therefore regarded as the taxonomically most difficult group of Empididae (Chvala 2005). I report here on the nomenclature of the Hilara species currently known as Hilara borealis Oldenberg, 1916. This species has originally been described by Strobl (1910a) as Hilara czernyi. Strobl based his new species on 1 female and 2 male specimens collected at mountain streams near Admont in the Styrian Alps (Austria). However, Strobl did not notice that in 1909 he had already used the name Hilara czernyi for another Hilara species from Spain (Czerny & Strobl 1909). Thus, the name Hilara czernyi Strobl, 1910 is a junior primary homonym of Hilara czernyi Strobl (in Czerny et Strobl), 1909. Oldenberg (1916) therefore published a replacement name, Hilara borealis. This name is currently used as the valid name for the species. However, it has been overlooked by Oldenberg and all subsequent authors that Strobl himself has realized that he had used the same name twice for two different species, and that Strobl has actually published a „Berichtigung" („correction") to his paper that has been included as an unpaginated page between the pages 293 and 294 in the journal „Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark" (Strobl 1910b). The text of this correction reads as follows: „Der Name (Hilara) Czernyi m. in diesen Mitteilungen 1910, p. 69 muß in Leandrina m. umgeändert werden, da ich übersehen hatte, dass ich bereits 1909 in „Spanische Dipteren", Ⅲ. Teil (zool.-bot. Ges. p. 176), aus Algeciras eine H. Czernyi beschrieben hatte" (translation: „The name (Hilara) Czernyi m. in the present Proceedings 1910, p. 69. has to be replaced by Leandrina m., because I overlooked that I had already described a H. Czernyi from Algeciras in the „Spanische Dipteren", Ⅲ. part (zool.-bot. Ges. p. 176) in 1909"). The replacement name by Strobl has been published before the replacement name by Oldenberg and therefore has priority over the name by Oldenberg. Therefore, the valid name of the species originally described as Hilara czernyi Strobl, 1910, is Hilara leandrina Strobl, 1910, not Hilara borealis Oldenberg, 1916. Note that Oldenberg (1916) not only replaced the homonymous name, but he also broadened the concept of Hilara borealis to include not only the Alpine populations previously named Hilara czernyi, but also Fennoscandian populations that were at the time still unnamed. Chvala (2002) showed that these Fennoscandian populations are actually not conspecific with the Alpine populations and constitute a separate species that he named Hilara lapponica. Although Oldenberg (1916) erroneously considered his Hilara borealis to comprise both the Alpine and the Fennoscandian populations, he proposed the name clearly as a new replacement name for Hilara czernyi Strobl, 1910, and thus the types of Hilara borealis are automatically those of Hilara czernyi Strobl, 1910 (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Article 67.8., Article 72.7. (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999)). Despite Oldenberg's broadened concept of Hilara borealis, the name Hilara borealis is therefore unequivocally fixed to the Alpine populations, and Oldenberg's use of the name Hilara borealis also for the Fennoscandian populations must therefore be formally considered as a misidentification.