While some researchers interested in probing animal minds are concentrating on tests of intellect, others are looking for evidence of an emotional life, which many think is an important constituent of consciousness. Marc Bekof f, a biologist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, thinks there are clear signs that animals can experience empathy, spite, grief, gratitude, love and even awe. He cites, for example, a story of two orphaned grizzly bear cubs in Alaska. The male had been wounded, and limped and swam slowly, but his sister caught salmon for him to eat, and her support was crucial for his survival.
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