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摘要

Centuries of chilly weather were triggered by four major volcanic eruptions between 1250 and 1300. The ensuing "Little Ice Age" lasted until about 1850, sustained by increases in the Arctic sea ice that reflected more sunlight back into space {Geophysical Research Letters, DOI: 10.10Z9/2011GL050168). Audio recordings taken on the sea floor have recorded for the first time the grunts and quacks made by deep-water fish. Sound is probably key to communication in the murky depths, says Rodney Rountree of the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. His findings feature in a new book. The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life, published by Springer.