Papalysed people have communicated with their families by thought alone, thanks to a technique that learns to recognise brain activity associated with "yes" or "no". The method is non-invasive and has enabled completely "locked-in" people to describe their lives as "wonderful". The four people involved in the study all have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - a degenerative disorder that causes people to stop being able to control their muscles, until they are unable even to move their eyes.
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