In the 1990s, prospects for antimalarial chemotherapy became increasingly bleak owing to growing parasite resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyri-methamine. Artemisinin-based drugs showed great promise in southeast Asia, but were barely used in Africa because of their cost and a lack of clinical data. To make matters worse, the pipeline for new drugs was dry as nearly all pharmaceutical companies had pulled out of antimalarial research.
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