The genome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations

摘要

叶螨(Tetranychus urticae)是一种常见的农业rn害虫,受害作物很多,其中包括玉米、大豆、rn西红柿和辣椒,并且对杀虫剂的抗药性非常rn强.它的基因组现已被测序并得到分析,并将rn有助于了解这种害虫的荷尔蒙及其吐丝能力的rn演化.对以不同植物为食的螨虫所做的转录组rn分析,显示了这种害虫在变化的宿主环境中是rn怎样进行自卫的,也为有可能付诸实施的、不rn采用杀虫剂的植物保护策略提供了线索.该基rn因组编码17个丝蛋白基因,对叶螨的丝所做的rn物理实验表明,它是～种天然纳米材料,其纤rn维要比吐丝蜘蛛所产的丝细100倍以上.%The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest with an extensive host plant range and an extreme record of pesticide resistance. Here we present the completely sequenced and annotated spider mite genome, representing the first complete chelicerate genome. At 90 megabases T. urticae has the smallest sequenced arthropod genome. Compared with other arthropods, the spider mite genome shows unique changes in the hormonal environment and organization of the Hox complex, and also reveals evolutionary innovation of silk production. We find strong signatures of polyphagy and detoxification in gene families associated with feeding on different hosts and in new gene families acquired by lateral gene transfer. Deep transcriptome analysis of mites feeding on different plants shows how this pest responds to a changing host environment. The T. urticae genome thus offers new insights into arthropod evolution and plant-herbivore interactions, and provides unique opportunities for developing novel plant protection strategies.