Warfighters and law enforcement personnel encounter many situations where they need to assess and determine if a situation is hostile or benign. Currently available field explosive detection kits are awkward, prone to mistakes, and difficult to use in non-ideal conditions. Accurate detection is easily thwarted by wind, improper staging areas, distractions, andcontaminated hands. Current test devices require sampling gloves, are difficult to carry (multiple cans or bottles and sampling swabs), can easily be used incorrectly (adding reagents in the wrong order or the wrong quantity), and often require access to a flat surface for use.
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