The SWANA Applied Research Foundation's Recycling Group identified the need to provide solid waste managers with up-to-date information and guidance on how to reset curbside recycling programs in the wake of the China National Sword policy implemented in January 2018. In 2013, China launched a temporary customs program called "Operation Green Fence" aimed at increasing environmental quality by reducing waste importation and contamination in recyclable materials. In 2017, China announced more stringent restrictions that are hereafter referred to as "National Sword."
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